Dental Abscess
Recognising, treating, and knowing when a dental abscess becomes an emergency
A dental abscess is a localised collection of pus caused by bacterial infection of dental origin. It is one of the most common dental emergencies and, if left untreated, can spread to cause life-threatening deep space neck infections. Prompt dental treatment to drain the abscess and eliminate the source is always required — antibiotics alone are not sufficient.
What is a Dental Abscess?
A dental abscess is a collection of pus caused by a bacterial infection in or around a tooth. It usually develops from an untreated cavity, a cracked tooth, or severe gum disease. It can cause intense, throbbing pain and swelling, and always requires dental treatment.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment involves draining the abscess and addressing the source of infection — this may mean a root canal treatment, tooth extraction, or draining the gum. Antibiotics may be prescribed if there are signs of spreading infection such as swelling, fever, or feeling unwell. Pain relief such as paracetamol or ibuprofen can help manage discomfort while awaiting dental treatment.
When Is It an Emergency?
A dental abscess can become a medical emergency if the infection spreads. Warning signs include increasing facial or neck swelling, difficulty swallowing or opening the mouth, a high temperature, or feeling very unwell. If any of these occur, seek emergency care immediately — call 999 if breathing or swallowing becomes difficult.