Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
The most common preventable chronic disease — prevention, fluoride, and when to refer
Dental caries is the destruction of tooth structure by acid produced when bacteria ferment dietary sugars. It is the most common preventable chronic disease globally, affecting both children and adults. Early detection and fluoride intervention can arrest or reverse progression, while advanced caries requires restorative dental treatment.
What is Dental Caries?
Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay, is one of the most widespread health conditions in the world. It occurs when bacteria in the mouth break down sugars and produce acids that gradually damage tooth enamel. With good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups, caries is largely preventable.
How Does It Develop?
Decay starts on the outer layer of the tooth and can slowly progress deeper if left untreated. The frequency of sugar consumption plays a big role — snacking on sugary foods and drinks throughout the day increases the risk. Early stages can often be reversed, but more advanced decay needs a filling from a dentist.
What Can Help?
Brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and spitting (not rinsing) after brushing is the most effective daily habit. Reducing sugary foods and drinks, especially between meals, significantly lowers the risk. Regular dental visits allow early detection and treatment before decay becomes a bigger problem.