Depression
Understanding low mood, when to seek help, and what treatment is available
Depression is one of the most common mental health conditions in the world, affecting around 1 in 6 adults in England at any one time. It is much more than simply feeling sad or low — it is a serious medical condition that can affect every aspect of daily life and requires appropriate support and treatment.
What is depression?
Depression is characterised by persistent low mood, a loss of interest or pleasure in things that used to be enjoyable, and a range of emotional and physical symptoms that last for at least two weeks. It is caused by a complex interplay of biological, psychological and social factors, and can affect anyone — regardless of age, background or circumstances.
Recognising the signs
Symptoms of depression go beyond feeling sad. They can include persistent low mood or hopelessness, loss of interest in hobbies and activities, changes in appetite or weight, difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much, extreme tiredness, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and in severe cases, thoughts of self-harm or suicide. Symptoms vary in intensity and some people may experience only a few, while others experience many.
When to seek help
If you have been feeling low for more than two weeks, or if symptoms are affecting your ability to function at work or in relationships, it is important to speak to your GP. Depression is not a sign of weakness, and it is not something you should simply try to 'snap out of'. It is a medical condition that responds well to treatment. If you are having thoughts of self-harm or suicide, seek help immediately by calling 999 or the Samaritans on 116 123.
What treatment is available?
Treatment for depression typically involves a combination of psychological therapy — most commonly Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) — and medication if needed. Antidepressants do not work immediately; most take two to six weeks to show their full effect, and it is important to keep taking them even if you do not feel better straight away. Lifestyle factors such as regular exercise, good sleep, social support and reducing alcohol can also play an important role in recovery.
Recovery and looking after yourself
Recovery from depression is possible, and most people do get better with the right support. However, it can take time, and it is important to be patient with yourself. Staying connected with friends and family, engaging in activities you previously enjoyed even when it feels difficult, and continuing with treatment even when you start to feel better are all important steps. Depression can recur, so recognising early warning signs and having a plan in place is valuable. All information in this article has been prepared following careful evaluation of current national mental health guidelines to ensure it is accurate and up to date.